ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to highlight the presently used medical educational principles highlighted in the Quran, analyze them and correlate them to derive lessons facilitating their implementation. Mixed method study. Department of Medical Education, CMH Medical College, Lahore; January to December, 2013. Verses of Quran from different Tafaseer [Explanation of Quran by renowned Muslim Scholars] related to education were identified. Help from dictionaries and encyclopedias available on internet were sought for true meanings and connotations. The ideas derived from the medical educational research were applied to find educational principles and compared to existing medical educational philosophies. Learner response system was used to gather educationalists opinions. Principles of medical education which have been learned over last few decades and are now globally accepted and practiced were already there in Quran for last 1400 years. The common principles discovered and discussed were: Simplicity, Learning in steps, Paced learning, Identification of important, Critical thinking, Inductive reasoning, Use of examples, and Repetition. Most of these are core principles of medical education. Adult learning principles are already present in the Quran. In the propagation of these modern medical educational principles, references to Quran may help to understand their deeper perspectives. It may expedite the wider acceptance by educationalists in the Muslim countries
ABSTRACT
To compare baseline general and scientific knowledge between undergraduate and postgraduate medical students and to explore reasons for its deterioration, if any, over time. Sequential mixed method. Combined Military Hospital and CMH Medical College Lahore; and Dermatology Departments of Mayo Hospital, Services Institute of Medical Sciences and Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from Aug to Sept 2011. Thirty undergraduate medical students and 30 postgraduate medical students were selected on the basis of purposive convenience sampling, after taking informed consent and ensuring confidentiality and anonymity. In the first phase, a questionnaire consisting of 50 general and basic scientific questions was distributed among 30 first year medical and 30 postgraduate students of dermatology. Two examiners marked these questionnaires using the same key and awarded marks from 1 to 5 for each question. In the second phase 5 postgraduates, who secured minimum marks, were invited for a confidential structured interview to explore reasons for their low score. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and the interviews were analyzed through quasi-statistical approach. The mean score of postgraduate students was 151.60 as compared to 170.96 for undergraduates. Out of all framed questions, the postgraduates passed only in 35% of questions whereas undergraduates passed in 59%. There was no question in which all postgraduates could pass whereas there were 6 questions in which all undergraduates passed. There were 10 questions in which more than 80% of postgraduates had failed but there were 7 questions in which more than 80% of undergraduates could not do well. During the interview, 100% of postgraduates blamed mainly themselves for their low scoring and 75%, in addition held the system of rote learning responsible. Also 100% of the interviewees admitted, lack of habit of revising previously learnt concepts. The basic and important general and scientific concepts deteriorate in medical students with advancing level of their respective postgraduate studies, which may lead to hampered construction of knowledge for future studies. A better and rational system of concept building, by improving instructional strategies may help these students to retain important knowledge for future construction of knowledge
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the frequency of nail involvement in psoriatic patients in local population and to evaluate major patient characteristics with nail psoriasis. One hundred consecutive patients with psoriasis in dermatology out/inpatient department participated in the study. Study duration was over one year from July 2007 to July 2008. Nail changes were present in 71 [71%] patients. Out of the 100 psoriatic patients. The most common nail abnormality observed on both fingernails and toenails was pitting followed by onycholysis. Patients with psoriatic nail changes were significantly older than psoriatic patient without nail changes. Duration of psoriasis was significantly higher in patients with psoriatic nail changes. Fungal infection was positive in 9% of patients with nail changes. Dystrophic nails are frequently found in psoriatic individuals. Frequency of nail involvement in our patient is probably similar to those in their European and American counterparts. Among various nail changes pitting and onycholysis are the most common finding. Fungal colonization of psoriatic nails is a quite frequent clinical problem and should be taken into consideration by dermatologists working with psoriatic patient
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Psoriasis/pathology , OnycholysisABSTRACT
To evaluate the impact of demonstration of extracted Sarcoptes scabiei to patients on therapeutic outcome. Quasi experimental study. Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa Karachi, from Jan 2007 to Dec 2007. Sixty patients [36 males, 24 females] with scabies of upto two months duration were included in the study. Patients with other concomitant chronic illnesses and those who had been treated with antiscabies medicines in previous two months were excluded. After informed consent and initial evaluation, diagnosis was confirmed in all the patients by extracting living Sarcoptes scabeii. The mite was extracted after direct identification under a magnifying lens with the help of a sterilized common pin. All patients were fully explained about the disease and method of treatment. Half of the patients [group 1] were shown the extracted living mite under microscope while remaining patients [group 2] were just informed about the disease and mite was not shown to them. Twenty four hour application of 5% permethrin cream [Lotrix] was prescribed for patients as well as their families. Response to treatment was recorded at the end of 2nd and 6th week. Patients with living mites in the lesions during follow up visit were again prescribed 5% permethrin cream after showing them and/or their attendants the extracted living mite. At follow-up visit after two weeks 12 [40%] patients of group one were having itching but no mite could be extracted from the resolving lesions while in group two, 14 [46.7%] patients were having itching [p>0.05]. Treatment failed in six [20%] patients of group two who were found to have living mites in lesions. All patients of both groups were symptom free at the end of six weeks though some had a few residual resolving nodules on genitalia but no mite could be extracted. Convincing the patient about the nature of scabies by showing him the extracted mites at the time of diagnosis significantly improves treatment compliance
ABSTRACT
To determine the efficacy of Narrow Band Ultra Violet B [NB-UVB] therapy to induce repigmentation in vitiligo patients with skin Fitzpatrick phototype IV. Descriptive study. Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa Karachi, from April 2004 to October 2005. Thirty-five patients were included in the study during a period of eighteen months starting from 23rd April 2004. Each patient had thrice weekly exposure to NB-UVB therapy on nonconsecutive days for a maximum period of one year. Results were evaluated clinically and by comparing digital photographs taken before, during and at the completion of treatment. Improvement was objectively assessed by grading it into four groups depending on percentage of re-pigmentation in the affected areas. Out of the 35 patients, two dropped out and 33 completed the course of therapy successfully. The extent of vitiligo varied from 5% to 40% of body surface area. At the end of one year 9 [27.3%] patients had grade 4 recovery [> 75% repigmentation], 15 [45.4%] had grade 3 recovery [50-75% repigmentation] and the rest had grade 2 recovery [25-50% repigmentation]. No significant side effects were observed during the study period. Narrow-band UVB is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with Vitiligo